Change & Continuity in Contemporary Business Essay

Change & Continuity in Contemporary Business - Essay Example It also enthused the workforce with renewed vision of the company and provided clarity to them with regard to their roles in the makeover of the organization. Yet, the transformation could be called only a part success since this transformation has not solved the company’s major problem of ageing median age of its customers. The company would be again forced to brainstorm in order to tackle this situation. In the hurry to tackle immediate crisis, it has not made any provision for future market changes. It is yet to act as per the perceived changes in the coming years. Eventually, the report recommends that Harley Davidson should seek its future in newer market segments with new products. Among its employees, it should train and guide a chosen set of people to catch the signs of advancing change in the market scenario and take steps to prepare accordingly. It also recommends the organization to diversify in other automobile segments such as cars and commercial vehicles. As evident from the time bar above, Harley Davidson saw lots of ups and downs before it entered the transformation phase. Harley Davidson, in its early days was the only motorcycle manufacturer in America and ruled the motorcycle market. However, it was caught unawares when foreign entrants flooded the market with innovative, quality and affordable products. The Japanese players catered to newer market segments untapped by Harley. The change in management of the company and the new management’s haste to catch up with the competitors added to the woes of the company which was already suffering from declined market share. The company slumped to its lowest in terms of market share i.e. 23%. It was at this point that few of its managers decided to take over the company. They tried to understand the strengths of the competitors and the weaknesses of their own organization and brought about a fresh insight into work. Under the able leadership

Essay on Assam Essay Example for Free

Essay on Assam Essay Assam has been aptly described by some as ‘the Shangrila of the North-Eastern India’ – a state having breathtaking scenic beauty, rarest floras and faunas, lofty hills, lush tea gardens, undulating plains, mighty waterways, dense forests, fertile valleys, etc. It lies as a jewel of exquisite beauty and charm on the Northeastern horizon of India. Since the days of Hiuen-Tsang it has fascinated the rest of the world with her aura of myth and mysteries, history and folklore, music and dance. Known as Pragjyotishpura (land of Eastern lights) in ancient time and Kamrupa in medieval times, Assam is the anglicised name for the state. The name of the state may have come from the word ‘Ahom the people who migrated to the Brahmaputra valley in the early 13th century and gave shape to the Assamese of today. The state lies between 89 °. 50†² to 96 °, 10†² E. longitude and 24 °. 30†² to 28 °, 40†² N. latitude. Seven Indian states and two foreign countries touch its boundary. Spread over an area of 78, 438 sq. km. State has a total population of 26, 638, 407 according to Census, 2001. We have a clear picture of Assam only from the early 13th cent, when the country was conquered by Ahoms. Later they were ousted by the Burmese, who handed over the area to the British by the treaty of Yandaboo in 1826. All the major races of the world such as, Austro-Asiatic, the Indo- Aryans, Indo-Tibetans, Indo-Burmese, Mongolians, etc. have combined to make the great Assamese people of today. Assam, however, has remained practically a land of Tibeto- Burmese people. Assamiya or Assamese is the lingua franca of the state. Assam can be divided into three natural regions, namely the Brahmaputra valley, the Barak valley and the Hilly regions. These regions are quite distinct from one another with regard to the composition of people, manner of living and culture. The mighty Brahmaputra along with Barak has nourished the state from time immemorial and has been a source of solace as well as a source of sorrow for the people of the state. The economy of the state is overwhelmingly agricultural and about 75% of the population directly or indirectly depends on this sector for their livelihood. Rice, fruits, aracanut, jute, sugar cane, and tea are the chief agricultural produce of the state. The state also produces nearly half of the country’s total output of tea. he state is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, coal, and limestone. The perfect fusion of heritage, tradition, faiths, and beliefs of  numerous races has resulted in many festivals in the state. The main festivals of Assam are the ‘Bihus’ which are celebrated all over the state by every one with great pomp and grandeur. The most colourful amongst the three ‘Bihus’ is the spring festival known as Rongali Bihu. Nature has abundantly blessed Assam with charming sights and exciting natural scenery. Kaziranga National Park and Manas Sanctuary are the chief tourist centres famous for Royal Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinos and golden langur. The other attractions of the state are the famous Kamakhya temple near Guwahati, Umananda temple, Navagraha temple, Kareng Ghar, Rang ghar, Talatal Ghar, Majuli island, Jatinga, etc. Nestling in the Himalayan foothills the state is rich in cultural heritage, natural beauty, and mineral resources. There is no denying the fact that the state of Assam during the last fifty years has made great strides in many fields. But a lot more remains to be done to bring the state to the forefront of development and progress. Given better political stability, adequate stress on industrialisation, proper utilisation of resources available and less militancy, the state can leap forward to an era of prosperity and all-round development.

How Much Television is Too much? Essay -- Media Entertainment Essays

How Much Television is too much? How much television is too much? Well on an average, children spend 25 hours a week watching television. And who’s to say it’s even quality stuff that they’re watching? This is a big question among many, if not all, American families. People today spend more time watching television than on any other single leisure activity. In fact, studies have shown that the average child spends more time in front of the television than in school. (Patterson, 2001) Television was once an educator, but overtime is gradually ruining our youth. Television is not necessarily all good or all bad, but maybe it’s just influencing people more than needed. Although it seems more corruptive than anything, television can be used as a great learning tool. The news is a major component of being informed about what’s going on in our society and country. An example is the attack of the World Trade Centers. People were informed of what was happening, what’s going to happen next, and how we could help. Another aspect is The Learning Channel (TLC), in which we are informed of many things regularly taught in school, such as births, different kinds of creatures, and about space and the Earth. The History Channel, as well, can be watched to learn about past wars and historical people. For children, cartoons have become a way for them to learn basic knowledge. Such cartoons are Sesame Street, Reading Rainbow, and Blues Clues, which are very educational and do not have to be monitored by parents, because the material should be suitable for younger children. If television is such a big learning tool, then where’s the problem? Although watching television doesn’t seem like such a big issue, it is. Many hous... ...ne day without watching television?† The people I asked were a random group of students. The results were almost unanimous with a whopping 89% saying no they couldn’t go a day without television, 8% said yes as long as they had the internet, and the other 3% said yes they could go without either (television or the internet) for one day. This goes to show just how much TV influences our daily schedules. In conclusion, television is a big impact on everyday lives. Without television where would we be? There are lessons-small lessons, enormous lessons, lessons that may be crucial to the planet’s persistence as a green and diverse place and also to the happiness of its inhabitants-that nature teaches and TV can’t. (McKibben, 1992) I believe he summed it up pretty well. Although TV was, is, and always will be a great invention, time doesn’t involve around it.

An Investigation to Show How Water Temperature and Alcohol Concentratio

An Investigation to Show How Water Temperature and Alcohol Concentration Affect Membrane Permeability Aim The aim of the experiment is to show the cell’s membrane permeability is affected by being placed into different temperatures of water. Also the effect of placing beetroot in to different concentrations of alcohol. Beetroot cells contain a red sap, which leaks out of the cells if their membranes are damaged or altered. Cell membranes are made up of a bilayer of phospholipids, which also contains proteins. Which either float around or are fixed. Some are found in the inner or outer layer and some span the whole membrane Carbohydrate chains attach themselves to the external membrane forming glycoproteins and glycolipids. It also contains cholesterol. We will be able to tell how damaged they are because we will see a deeper coloured red in the water from where more of the red sap has leaked out of the cells. Method A fresh cylinder of beetroot was taken and using a scalpel any skin was removed. Care should be taken when a scalpel is used to cut objects into small pieces. It was then cut into 40 discs using the scalpel. Next the discs were placed in a boiling tube and rinsed repeatedly in till the water ran clear. Then two sets of five boiling tubes were set up into racks. Then using a measuring cylinder measured 10cm ³ of tap water was placed in five of the boiling tubes of the set that would be testing the effect of different temperatures. These were then left in the different water baths to adjust to the temperature. The other five had 10cm ³ different concentrations of alcohol ranging from 25%-100%. There was also one with 10cm ³ of water. Next four discs of the beetroot were placed into each boil... ...es down to 24%. I think this an anomalous result as after researching this 100% alcohol is used to preserve food so the light transmission percentage should of gone up but this needed to be repeated. I think the main source of error in these two experiments that could have lessened the accuracy was that there was some variation in the thickness of some of the beetroot discs. I think this is hard to improve as this is generally down to human error of not being able to cut beetroot exactly into 1-2mm discs. The experiment needed to be repeated to see more clearly if there were any anomalous results. Works Cited: Advanced Sciences Biology 1, Mary Jones, Richard Fosbery and Dennis Taylor AS guru Biology, John Graham and Anthony Lewis Biology Principles and Processes, Michael Roberts, Michael Reiss and Grace Monger Www.bbc.co.uk/asguru/biology

Triple Bottom Line

TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE The triple bottom line refers to an extension of the criteria used to measure organisational success. Traditionally, business success (or failure) is measured in terms of its economic performance. A business is considered to be successful if it has generated a sufficient financial return from its investments, financing activities and operating activities. The triple bottom line takes into account three criteria for assessing organisational performance; 1. economic, 2. social 3. and Environmental.The financial or economic performance of an organisation is the easiest of the three criteria to measure accurately. Traditional accounting methods take into account the inflow and outflow of resources from the business, generally including cash and finances, assets, liabilities and other easily definable business resources. The economic criteria can then be used to determine how much an organisation generates in monetary value. It can also be used to determine the net wort h of the business at a given point in time.The social performance of an organisation is somewhat more difficult to define and measure. The social criterion of the triple bottom line takes into account the impact that a business has on people within the business (employees) and people outside of the business (the community). A business applying the triple bottom line principles will act in a way that benefits the community and will ensure that people are not being exploited or endangered by the operation of the business.Social factors that should be considered include labour utilisation and wages, working conditions and contribution to community living standards. Environmental performance is concerned with a business' total impact on the natural environment. Triple bottom line organisations aim to improve the environment where feasible, or at the very least, reduce and limit their negative impact on the environment. Organisations need to look at more than just obvious environmental i ssues (like pollution) and should consider the total lifecycle impact of their products and services.Triple bottom line reporting is becoming more widespread amongst both large and small organisations. Triple bottom line reporting makes business decisions and actions more transparent and allows people to gain a thorough understanding of a business' level of corporate social responsibility. The triple bottom line report also helps manager to assess and compare their performance across all three criteria against the business objectives and long term goals. Triple Bottom Line In the 1990's, mainly due to global warming and its effects like the â€Å"ozone layer†, the world has spread the idea of the Green Movement and people started to question organisations' practices and their environmental, social and economic impacts. With this in mind, companies started to pay more attention to business sustainability in order to improve the company's reputation. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept is a methodology that focuses on the 3 P's: People, Planet and Profit. It was first introduced by John Elkington in 1994 and has increasingly become a basis for business sustainability.Not only has the world's Green mentality influenced how companies operate but also government policies have made companies implement a different approach. Although many companies are using the TBL reporting and have reported to reduce costs due to this approach some companies avoid incorporating sustainability into their practices. As Bristol was considered the European Green Capital large and is seen as a true role model for the Green economy in Europe. This award encourages cities to improve the quality of life by taking the environment and social aspects into account in urban planning and management.It is believed that companies in Bristol have been influenced by this award to take a more sustainable approach towards the operations. This paper will review the TBL concept and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It will also include thoughts of TBL in relation to the organisation researched and its effects on its operations by linking theory to research findings. Research methods The research methods used in this report consist of field interviews to customers and employees of the chosen organisation.The interviews were conducted between the 29th of November and the 1st of December. The only sources of evidence used in this report are data collected from the conducted interview, relevant information from literature and personal experiences that were related to the topic. Literature review The Triple Bottom Line concept was first introduced by John Elkington in 1994 to expand the environmentalist agenda of those working towards sustainability so that it more explicitly incorporates a social dimension (Elkington, 2004).The triple bottom line is described as an inevitable  expansion of the environmental agenda [that] focuses corporations not just on the economic value that they add, but also on the environmental and social value that they add – or destroy (Elkington, 2004). This framework went beyond the traditional measures of profits, return on investment and shareholder value to include environmental and social dimensions (Slaper and Hall, 2011). . In addition, Savitz argues that TBL captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an organization's activities on the world including both its profitability and shareholder values and its social, human and environmental capital (Savitz, 2006).The three performan ce elements that compose TBL are social, environmental and financial variables. These are commonly to as the 3 Ps: people, planet and profits. Nevertheless, the 3Ps do not have a common unit of measure (Slaper and Hall, 2011). It is a very difficult task to put a value on social and environmental dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line. Some argue that monetizing these dimensions would be a good option as it would have a single unit of measurement but on the other hand, how could you find the correct price for extinct species?Different views on how to measure TBL has been a subject of argument since it began to be studied. The number of companies that use some kind of 3P accounting grows at an impressive rate (Tullberg, 2012). According to KPMG 70% of the top 250 companies of the world did so by 2005 (Tullberg 2012). This supports that companies are trying to achieve their goals of profit maximization and economic growth while increasing environmental and social awareness and responsib ility and also by focusing on having sustainable operations.Sustainability is defined as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (WCED, 1987). Companies with different sizes and structures understand that having sustainable operations is extremely important and they do so by balancing the 3 dimensions of the TBL concept. Environmental sustainability is related to the reduction of the footprint left by the company on the environment. Social sustainability shifts the focus to both internal communities (i. e. , employees) and external ones (Pullman et al., 2009).In order to enhance their social reputation companies engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Fombrun, 2005). Corporate Social Responsibility requires companies to acknowledge that they should be publicly accountable not only for their financial performance but also for their social and environmental record (CBI, 2001) and, by relati ng the TBL concept to CSR, it can be suggested that companies not only need to engage in socially and environmentally responsible behaviour, but, also, that positive financial gains can be made in the process (Gimenez et al, 2012).In recent years, governments have implemented legislations that oblige companies to provide information on how they are being socially responsible. According to the UK Corporate Governance Code the board should set the company’s values and standards and ensure that its obligations to its shareholders and others are understood and met (Financial Reporting Council, 2012) and Henderson (2004) states that in the UK there is a minister that is charged of promoting CSR.These are some of many examples to show the importance given to CSR. It is not only in the UK that legislation plays a large role in investments by companies in CSR but, also, in other countries in the EU like Germany where companies where required to implement CSR updates on their reports. However, by implementing regulation that obligates companies to report on their CSR means that those that were already being sustainable will lose their competitive advantage.An UK Government report on CSR states that CSR is about companies acting voluntarily to raise performance beyond minimum legal standards (UK Government, 2004), but with the implementation of this type of legislation, companies which have been using sustainable practices for years, will have their positive brand image removed. Many may argue whether companies are actually using â€Å"real CSR practices† (Gallego-Alvarez, 2010) in a voluntary and caring way or simple not concerned at all about their social and environmental impact and only concerned about the positive brand recognition that come with CSR practices.Although, it is agreed by many sources that the concern of companies for CSR has significantly contributed to the social welfare, some, like Henderson, oppose the fact of companies accepting CSR as he believes that it is both harmful at the level of individual enterprises and in relation to the economy as a whole (Henderson, 2009). Furthermore, Eden (1994) stated that the use of sustainable development in a business orientation becomes problematic where that orientation obscures other issues and demotes environmental action to only shallow and reformist dimensions (Eden, 1994).In conclusion, the vision of sustainability has come a long way since first introduced and CSR has become an extremely important aspect of business processes and will continue to grow despite the opposition of some. Achieving Triple Bottom Line growth will be a continuing quest for many organisations but to achieve sustainable development other issues at a macroeconomic level must be addressed. The operation researched The chosen operation to research is a local community gym based at Gloucestershire Cricket Club located in one of Bristol's main roads.BS7 Gym provides a high quality exercise facility for members of the community alongside Gloucestershire cricket professionals. It is easily observable, staff and members could be easily approached and it had sufficient data for statistics to be developed. Data collected Data collection was essential for this report. By conducting interviews to both gym staff and members and observing its facilities it enables the development of statements. In order to gather relevant data the interviewing of staff was centred on TBL, CSR and the European Green Capital Award (EGCA).From the staff interview, it was possible to understand that staff had little or no knowledge about the concepts of CSR and TBL. After being briefly introduced to these concepts the interviewees were questioned about their thoughts on Bristol being awarded the EGCA. Many said that is was very positive and related this to businesses thinking about green issues and some gave examples of environmental friendly practices conducted by businesses and families. One interviewee in particular, referred to transport systems and their improvements and also the Bristol cycling campaign.The remainder of the questions concerned more about the 3 Ps. The interviewees were questioned on what the BS7 Gym was doing towards the environment and the community and what were their thoughts on this and if they could improve. The main answer was based on the individual and not on the Gym itself as they believed that they, as an individual, were doing their best to have positive impact on the People and Planet. They thought that the Gym, as a whole, was not considering their environmental sustainability as much as they consider social sustainability.After conducting observation of the Gym facilities it was very evident that the environmental sustainability measurements were not positive. Simple things like keeping the changing room light on even when they are not being used and the toilet discharge tank dripping constantly show that the gym's performance can be significantl y improved. Some interviewees mentioned that they are individually committed to being sustainable and improve on their environmental footprint. Interviews were also made to members of the Gym. These interviews were based on the members' thoughts about TBL and the gym's concerns towards the environment.Mostly every member identified social variables that can be used to measure their TBL such as, charity contributions (food bank, working with Multiple Sclerosis patients and autistic students) and providing the facilities to the local school. Moreover, gym members mentioned that the gym is constantly improving their facilities, projects and invest on innovation. Their thoughts towards this, related mainly to the gym trying to satisfy every member by providing different class types and improving their gym material. Operational benefitsAs Tullerg (2012) stated, the increase in companies that use some kind of 3 Ps, is perfectly seen in BS7 Gym. As a medium corporation they are paying more attention in being sustainable. With the charitable contribution they are improving their brand image and ,by showing their members that they are a sustainable corporation, they can increase their membership sales. Concentrating on both internal and external aspects of social sustainability (Pullman et al, 2009), will influence both the employees and the local community to be more socially sustainable.One interviewee said that he was influenced by other employees' commitment to being sustainable. Although BS7 Gym is very attentive to the social aspect of TBL they lack attention on the environmental aspect. The high level of light and water consumption shows that the higher levels of the organisational pyramid are not taking into consideration their environmental side of TBL and if they could implement timer on lights and water taps in order to reduce costs and improve the financial performance. ConclusionAs sustainability becomes a bigger issue nowadays, BS7 Gym although being a sm all to medium company with very simple business processes, it is possible to say that they have a sustainable approach towards their activities and that they embrace Triple Bottom Line in depth. Their sustainable approach has shown to improve their performance and how they are seen by the local community and their members. Their social and environmental accountability and responsibility lead them to economic growth although some adjustments and improvements can be done. Triple Bottom Line TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE The triple bottom line refers to an extension of the criteria used to measure organisational success. Traditionally, business success (or failure) is measured in terms of its economic performance. A business is considered to be successful if it has generated a sufficient financial return from its investments, financing activities and operating activities. The triple bottom line takes into account three criteria for assessing organisational performance; 1. economic, 2. social 3. and Environmental.The financial or economic performance of an organisation is the easiest of the three criteria to measure accurately. Traditional accounting methods take into account the inflow and outflow of resources from the business, generally including cash and finances, assets, liabilities and other easily definable business resources. The economic criteria can then be used to determine how much an organisation generates in monetary value. It can also be used to determine the net wort h of the business at a given point in time.The social performance of an organisation is somewhat more difficult to define and measure. The social criterion of the triple bottom line takes into account the impact that a business has on people within the business (employees) and people outside of the business (the community). A business applying the triple bottom line principles will act in a way that benefits the community and will ensure that people are not being exploited or endangered by the operation of the business.Social factors that should be considered include labour utilisation and wages, working conditions and contribution to community living standards. Environmental performance is concerned with a business' total impact on the natural environment. Triple bottom line organisations aim to improve the environment where feasible, or at the very least, reduce and limit their negative impact on the environment. Organisations need to look at more than just obvious environmental i ssues (like pollution) and should consider the total lifecycle impact of their products and services.Triple bottom line reporting is becoming more widespread amongst both large and small organisations. Triple bottom line reporting makes business decisions and actions more transparent and allows people to gain a thorough understanding of a business' level of corporate social responsibility. The triple bottom line report also helps manager to assess and compare their performance across all three criteria against the business objectives and long term goals.

imperialism in egypt essays

imperialism in egypt essays Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following WW II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growingly population (the largest in the Arab world) will continue to stress Egyptian society and overtax resources as the country enters the new millennium. Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip Area comparative Slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94% (official estimate), Coptic Christian and other 6% (official estimate) Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European 1% Gross domestic product (total value of goods and services produced annually) $267.1 billion (1997 est.) Exports $5.1 billion, primarily crude oil and petroleum products, cotton yarn, raw cotton, textiles, metal products, Imports $15.5 billion, primarily machinery and equipment, foods, fertilizers, wood products, durable Egypt is probably the worlds oldest civilizations having emerged from the Nile Valley around 3,100 years ago, historically. Before ruled by the Egyptian Pharaohs, Egypt had five time eras: The Lower Paleolithic era, lasting from approximately 2 Million - 100000 BC; The Middle Paleolithic era, from 100000 - 30000 BC; The Upper Paleolithic era, from 30000 - 10000 BC; The Epipaleolithic era, from 10000 - 5500 BC; The Predynastic Period, from 5500 - 3100 BC. After this transition, the ruling of Egyptian Dynasties by Pharaohs began to rule the vast desserts of Egypt from 2920 BC to 332 BC. After Dynasties of Pharaohs, Egypt was under Greek rule and Alexandria obtained its name after its ruler, Alexander III. Sit...

Documentary Presentation The Confessions

Documentary Presentation The Confessions The Confessions is an award winning documentary, which investigates one of the major landmark cases on miscarriage of justice. The case involves four ex-soldiers from the US Marines accused and convicted of the murder of Michelle Bosko in 1997. The documentary raises several issues concerning police investigation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Documentary Presentation: The Confessions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidently, the innocent Americans bear the burden for unethical detective practices (Bikel, n.pag). Critics argue that The Confessions reveals the weaknesses of the American justice system. However, there is more than just showing the presumed weaknesses. The documentary represents underlying ignorance of the accused about their rights. The Norfolk four are victims of such ignorance. Those four are coerced into giving a confession and subsequently incarcerated despite there was no evidence l inking them to the murder of Michelle Bosko (Bikel, n.pag). This issue raises several fundamental questions. Does a false confession convict a suspected criminal even when the facts suggest otherwise? Furthermore, the judge refused to pardon the Norfolk four mentioning that there were also no proofs indicating their innocence. Therefore, if the judge ignored some significant facts, why did evidence become so important in seeking pardon? The Confessions exposes major flaws within the American justice system. A case such as the Norfolk murder requires all the facts to be carefully evaluated before any verdict is reached. However, the prosecution relied on extracted confession and ignored other key factors, such as forensic evidence linked Omar Ballard to the murder. Suffice it to state that the American Justice System needs to be rigid to avoid manipulation. However, such rigidity is disastrous in instances where the prosecution makes major flaws during the initial stages of investiga ting a crime. Furthermore, the police investigators changed the crime theory after getting Omar’s DNA results (Bikel, n.pag). This suggests that there might have been unseen force behind the investigation, which wanted the four to be convicted.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, The Confession reveals that the refusal by the justice system to change the guilty verdict after crucial evidence delinked the Norfolk four from the crime highlights inherent injustices within a system that claims to be the most just in the world. While the American justice system shoulders much of the blame for miscarriage of justice, the Norfolk four are not entirely immune to blame. Despite the fact that Williams, Dick, Tice and Wilson were victims of psychological manipulation, they exposed documentary how ignorance disadvantaged the accused (Bikel, n.pag). Detectiv e Glenn Ford threatened the four with death penalty if they did not confess to the rape and murder of Michelle Bosko. While such threats exposed some unethical investigation techniques of the American police investigators, they also portrayed underlying ignorance by the accused on the implications of confessing to a crime. While the accused were made to believe that confessing to the crime would earn them lenient judgment, they were ignorant of the imminent social and psychological implications. The Norfolk four did not realize that confessing to the crime, they branded themselves as criminals. After being released from prison, Tice came face to face with the harsh reality of societal stigmatization. The community still treated him as a sex offender. Thus, he only found solace within the confines of his bedroom. The Confessions lays bare the harsh realities of a rogue Justice System. The Norfolk four are victims of flawed detective work. The documentary highlights the public need to educate the public on the basic principles of criminal law. Bikel, Ofra, dir. The Confessions. Frontline, 2010, Documentary.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Documentary Presentation: The Confessions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Geologic Destinations for California Tourists

Geologic Destinations for California Tourists If youre going to California, be sure to put some of these geologic attractions on your must-see list. Volcanic Sites You might not think of the Golden State as a volcanic wonderland, but it surely is. Here are just a few of the most noteworthy places. Medicine Lake volcano is a subdued caldera in the northeastern highlands, full of diverse volcanic landforms including spectacular lava tubes. Its preserved in Lava Beds National Monument. is where Californias most recent eruption was, in 1914-1917. Thats in a National Park. may be Americas most beautiful volcano, and a splendid example of a young stratovolcano. The Morros, near Morro Bay and San Luis Obispo, are a chain of nine volcanic necks, remnants of ancient seafloor volcanoes. Theres nothing else like them- and there are also beaches and a haunted hotel. Devils Postpile is a good destination if you want a break from climbing in the Sierra Nevada. Its a textbook locality for columnar jointing, which happens when a thick body of lava slowly cools and naturally fractures into hexagonal columns like a box of pencils. Devils Postpile is in a National Monument. lies in the desert beyond the Sierra, a place where a now-vanished river scoured flows of basalt lava into fantastic shapes. Combine it with a visit to Manzanar and other highlights of the Owens Valley. More young volcanoes sit in the Mojave south of Baker. In the San Francisco Bay area, Oaklands Round Top is a dissected volcano exposed by quarrying and preserved as a regional park. You can even get there by city bus. Tectonic Highlights Death Valley is one of the worlds premier localities for seeing fresh crustal extension, which has dropped the valley floor below sea level. Death Valley is a National Park and a nice day trip from Las Vegas. The San Andreas fault and other major faults like the Hayward fault and Garlock fault are highly visible and easy to visit. Do some reading beforehand in one or more of several good books. is a tremendous graben, downdropped between the Sierra Nevada and the White Mountains. Its also the site of the great 1872 earthquake. Just a couple hours drive away is the hauntingly familiar Red Rock Canyon State Park. Point Reyes is a large chunk of land that has been carried on the San Andreas fault (along with Bodega Head) all the way up from southern California beyond San Francisco. That displaced crustal block is in a National Park. For a real geologic thrill, see Point Lobos near Monterey, almost 200 kilometers away, where the same rocks appear on the faults other side in a state park. The Transverse Ranges are a great discontinuity in the fabric of California and one of Americas most dramatic landscapes. State Route 99/Interstate 5 over the Tejon Pass, between Los Angeles and Bakersfield, will take you across it. Or take a similar trip on State Route 33, farther west. Lake Tahoe is a large downdrop basin in the High Sierra, filled with one of Americas finest alpine lakes, and is also a prime playground at all times of year. are widespread in California, where decades of leading research have not exhausted the knowledge to be gained or the enjoyment to be had from these unsung witnesses to plate tectonics. The Coast Beaches, coastal cliffs, and estuaries up and down the state are scenic treasures and geologic lessons. See my selection of geologically interesting places.   Beaches need no introduction, but theres more to them than sand and sea. Laguna Beach in the south and Stinson Beach and little Shell Beach in the north are examples that are full of geological interest. Other Geologic Features The Central Valley may seem like something to drive through as fast as possible on your way somewhere else, but its full of geological interest if you take the time to poke around. The Channel Islands are known to geologists as the California Continental Borderland- and a brand-new National Park. Petroleum is a big part of California geology. Visit a natural oil seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, the spectacular tar seeps  at nearby Carpinteria Beach or the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles. In the southern San Joaquin Valley, drive through the Kettleman Hills to see the heart of the industry- in fact, the original asphalt seep at McKittrick and the site of the great Lakeview oil gusher are just off the highway. Joshua Tree is a distinctive desert area displaying many standout features created by arid erosion. Its protected as a National Park. Playas are strewn all over the great deserts of southern California: Owens dry lake, Lucerne dry lake, Searles lake (with its tufa towers), and El Mirage are just a few. What is a desert without sand dunes? The booming Kelso Dunes are an essential stop in the Mojave, south of Baker. If youre nearer Mexico, try the Algodones Dunes instead. Theyre the largest dunefield in California. Yosemite Valley, home of Half Dome, is an unforgettable collection of landforms created by crustal denudation and glacial action. Its also the worlds first place set aside to become a National Park. For more ideas, see the California Geology category

Volver, A Separation, The White Ribbon, Tsotsi, Departures, Animal Essay

Volver, A Separation, The White Ribbon, Tsotsi, Departures, Animal Kingdom and The Secret in their Eyes - Essay Example This study highlights that although South Africa’s Johannesburg is more urbane than any other city in Africa, yet the featuring of the neighboring sprawling and (in)famous Soweto slum makes the plot of the movie more plausible. Another instance which reinstates this sense of authenticity is the presentation of large construction pipes which serve as Tsotsi and his gang’s domicile. Otherwise, it would be out of order to speak of Tsotsi’s crime as taking place within Johannesburg. This paper declares that the author also uses special effect filmmaking strategies to make the setting very plausible and congruent with the plot. Specifically, lightning techniques have been used to this effect. In instances where Tsotsi and his gang carry night raids, weak light is used, thereby making the audience believe that such criminal undertakings are nocturnal. Through the use of silhouettes, Tsotsi and his protà ©gà ©s are also densely shadowed, so that they are easily identified as malefactors. The failure to use proper lighting could have portrayed Tsotsi’s criminal exploits as taking place during daytime, and thereby painting Johannesburg as an insecure, crime-riddled city where crimes happen even during broad daylight. Lance Gewer and Gavin Hood as the director and cinematographer respectively showcase their dexterity and ingenuity in filmmaking by making the movie polyglot. The movie consists of languages such as English, Afrikaans, isiXhosa and isiZulu, and thereby rightly painting Johannesburg not only as a polyglot but also a cultural melting pot.

Understanding Property Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding Property Markets - Essay Example Understanding Property Markets On the other hand, real GDP is computed by dividing the nominal GDP by the price index or inflation for that year. That makes it real because it is being adjusted for the price level at the time of measurement. The pattern of nominal and real GDP showed that there was an increasing GDP from 1948 to 2008 but a little decrease in the next years. The gap between the nominal and real GDP shows the difference in the price level over the years. As the graph shows, the large gap between the red and blue curves means that there was a high rate of inflation during those years. So, when even if nominal GDP is reported at high volumes, once it is adjusted to the high price index it will result to lower real GDP. The estimates of the long-run annual growth rates of nominal and real GDP will help us determine the future growth rate of UK economy. We can also see how the UK economy is expected to perform in the coming years through these estimates. This will also help other sectors of the economy in deciding about their participation in the economic activities. As the estimates show rising growth rates, we can speculate that UK economy is also in rising position as to economic growth is concerned. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United Kingdom expanded 0.70 percent in the last quarter of 2010 over the previous quarter. From 1955 until 2010 The United Kingdom's average quarterly GDP Growth was 0.59 percent reaching an historical high of 5.30 percent in March of 1973 and a record low of -2.50 percent in March of 1974.... Economic fluctuations and economic growth are related (McConnell,Brue, p. 114, 2005). During recessions, consumer spending is reduced or lower but in economy’s recovering period income can be increased as production also increases. The manufacturing sector is being driven by exports, not least to the growth areas on the far side of the globe, but the service sector is suffering from a lack of confidence with consumer spending being reined in (www.bbc.co.uk, 2011). From the figures given, we can say that the real GDP can fall because of the small standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure the volatility of the business cycle or economic fluctuations. As business cycles become less volatile, economic growth is also in slower rate. But if the volatility will be higher, the economy will be in good position. The graph shows the UK quarterly growth rate in percentage. The quarterly percentage change marked at positive rate shows the increasing rate of outputs of goods and services. This may be the times of peak for an economy. For during these times the economy is at full employment, real output is at economy’s capacity and prices may be at high level. But quarterly percentage change marked at negative may present the economy’s recession. This means that at these times there is no economic growth attained because of decreasing output or real GDP. Contrary to the peak phase, recession may bring output at its lowest level. But if the economy can recover, the output may rise again through the increase in production and price levels. Annual economic growth rate can be examined through the annual changes in real and nominal GDP. These changes can tell us about the economy’s level of performance

Human Resource Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Human Resource Economics - Term Paper Example The competition is of two kind; internal and external.   In the internal competition employees compete against each others to get promoted or rewarded. This factor was studied and explained by Lazear and Rosen (1981) in their Tournament Theory. As in any tournament here, an employee wins the reward or gets promoted because his performance is better than others in their current level. Tournament theory is one of the approaches to the payments made toe, executives. There are several factors of which impacts the payments to the employees.   These are the supply of the skilled or required workforce in the market, the demand of the workforce, average industry pay package, industrial growth, monetary policies, business cycle, organization growth, and many other micros and macroeconomic factors. In any given scenario, two executives struggle and work for better compensation and rewards for their works. This difference in distribution, according to Feinberg, is based on the five factors of equality, need, merit and achievement, contribution or â€Å"due return†, and effort.   As in a tournament marginal difference, of efforts changes the rewards one gets in the business environment people at same rank often face a similar situation. Even if a company pays same to the employees to justify the raise or promotion one has to work hard for that. In the tournament model performance and payment are directly promotional to each other. It explains the motivation and productivity of workers along with the payment or growth perspective. As in the case of any sport or race where the marginal difference in the performance of an athlete can turn the silver to gold or bronze to no medal at all. The same thing is applicable in the case of people working in any organisation. The promotions or raise in the salaries are linked with the performance. In a broad framework tournament model it does not include certain important points like performance of new employee, performance of people at the optimum level of the organisation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  

Exploring a Communicative Event in Saudi Lingua Culture Essay

Exploring a Communicative Event in Saudi Lingua Culture - Essay Example In teaching aid, communication is necessary particularly when teaching people of different native languages. Event can appear in many forms. For example, real events demonstrated when a message passes through electronic media such as films or media houses. There is a set of theories analyzing communication events exist. The most essential method of communication is conversation. Human beings, therefore, communicate to share information and expand their social relationships (Seindlhofer, 2005, p.54). Most of the influential and active discussions take place through conversations. Simple talks both official and non-official and education related take place through chatting. If a CE involves two parties not knowing each other, that is strangers, there is no engagement (Seindlhofer, 2005, p.54). The success of any communication depends on understanding between the parties involved. Understanding of each other leads to an interaction between the involved parties. This essay focuses on Eng lish language as a communication tool. CE refers to â€Å"An exchange with obvious boundaries in a typically-occurring situation, where the participants have a clear role relationship† (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). For a language teacher to succeed, he needs be careful with the way he delivers information to his students. Successful teachers recommend thorough observations of local speakers because they engage in varying CE in order to understand each other (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). The teacher should have the ability to give CE models after first learning the native speakers’ language (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). For effective language teaching, the teacher needs to have the skill to know and speak other languages. Lingua franca as a language This refers to a communication tool used by a group of people from different native origins to communicate. Lingua Francas form the third mode of communication language from the original languages of the communicating sid es (Helena, 2011). Studies show that a lingua franca language may turn to be the common language if it widely spreads in an area. A good example of a lingua franca language is pidgin. Pidgin combines different vocabularies of native languages (Helena, 2011). The only distinction between lingua franca and pidgin is that members of the same native language do not speak pidgin but instead speak their native language. Pidgin does not have any original speakers. Modern Lingua Francas In the current society, global communication has succeeded due to development of lingua francas. There are a number of recognized communication languages in different regions. For example, the official languages recognized by United Nations (UN) include Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish and French. (Fernandez-Cardenas & Silveyra-De La Garza, 2010). This shows how lingua franca languages have developed to international recognition. Several developments of pidgin are evident as regular contacts between differe nt people broaden. However, most of the pidgins lack verbs, articles and nouns, their use has spread since they encourage communication between parties. Components of Communication Event (CE) In order to further, explore communication events, Saville-Troike 1989, p. 107 explained the components of CE. Some of these components include the event type, the setting and purpose of the events. Other components are function setting of different happenings, appearance and key participants. Manner in this case refers to message form and content. Guidelines include

Police Misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Police Misconduct - Essay Example The police may torture a detainee in custody in order to force confessions to crimes that were not otherwise committed by the detainee. If it emerges that the detainee was tortured, the police may lie about what they know so that they can avoid the possible consequences. Police may torture a detainee in their custody with the intention of forcing the detainee to confess to some crimes or to obtain evidence that can secure conviction in a court of law. The police can also force some witnesses to testify in court cases by providing false evidence. The forced witnesses may be threatened with jail terms if they fail to cooperate with the police (CIP). In order to deal with police misconduct, anyone who witnesses it should report by either doing it directly or anonymously to the police. A review board will then analyze the case in order to establish the truth. Police officers can then be prosecuted or cleared of any misconduct charge (CMC

Exploring a Communicative Event in Saudi Lingua Culture Essay

Exploring a Communicative Event in Saudi Lingua Culture - Essay Example In teaching aid, communication is necessary particularly when teaching people of different native languages. Event can appear in many forms. For example, real events demonstrated when a message passes through electronic media such as films or media houses. There is a set of theories analyzing communication events exist. The most essential method of communication is conversation. Human beings, therefore, communicate to share information and expand their social relationships (Seindlhofer, 2005, p.54). Most of the influential and active discussions take place through conversations. Simple talks both official and non-official and education related take place through chatting. If a CE involves two parties not knowing each other, that is strangers, there is no engagement (Seindlhofer, 2005, p.54). The success of any communication depends on understanding between the parties involved. Understanding of each other leads to an interaction between the involved parties. This essay focuses on Eng lish language as a communication tool. CE refers to â€Å"An exchange with obvious boundaries in a typically-occurring situation, where the participants have a clear role relationship† (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). For a language teacher to succeed, he needs be careful with the way he delivers information to his students. Successful teachers recommend thorough observations of local speakers because they engage in varying CE in order to understand each other (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). The teacher should have the ability to give CE models after first learning the native speakers’ language (Saville-Troike, 1989, p.107). For effective language teaching, the teacher needs to have the skill to know and speak other languages. Lingua franca as a language This refers to a communication tool used by a group of people from different native origins to communicate. Lingua Francas form the third mode of communication language from the original languages of the communicating sid es (Helena, 2011). Studies show that a lingua franca language may turn to be the common language if it widely spreads in an area. A good example of a lingua franca language is pidgin. Pidgin combines different vocabularies of native languages (Helena, 2011). The only distinction between lingua franca and pidgin is that members of the same native language do not speak pidgin but instead speak their native language. Pidgin does not have any original speakers. Modern Lingua Francas In the current society, global communication has succeeded due to development of lingua francas. There are a number of recognized communication languages in different regions. For example, the official languages recognized by United Nations (UN) include Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish and French. (Fernandez-Cardenas & Silveyra-De La Garza, 2010). This shows how lingua franca languages have developed to international recognition. Several developments of pidgin are evident as regular contacts between differe nt people broaden. However, most of the pidgins lack verbs, articles and nouns, their use has spread since they encourage communication between parties. Components of Communication Event (CE) In order to further, explore communication events, Saville-Troike 1989, p. 107 explained the components of CE. Some of these components include the event type, the setting and purpose of the events. Other components are function setting of different happenings, appearance and key participants. Manner in this case refers to message form and content. Guidelines include

Nuclear Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nuclear Power - Research Paper Example The possibility of switching to another fuel as the main provider of energy involves complex problems since many machines that are in use at present would not be able to make the switch without incurring huge financial expenditure. It would, thus, involve a huge initial cost that would result in many protests. It is not, however, the case that other forms of fuel that are held up as viable alternatives are able to fulfil most of the requirements that are set for a form of fuel. Hydroelectric power, apart from causing a massive initial expenditure for the setting up of dams and other machinery, also causes the dislocation of many communities which live around the place where the dam is to be located. This has led to many disputes in the past. Apart from this, the portability of hydroelectric power is also a problem that is cited as a disqualifying factor when the sustainability of different fuels is spoken of (Ryan, 2009). The importance f different renewable sources must be taken int o account while looking at an alternative to fossil fuels as the major source of energy for the world as a whole. It is in this context that the use of nuclear energy needs to be assessed. The advantages and negatives of the fuel need to be looked into and their relative merits scrutinized. For this, one must initially make oneself familiar with the process by which energy is extracted from nuclear fuel. Nuclear energy is created by inducing reactions within the nuclei of an atom. The energy that binds the parts of the nuclei is released when the parts disintegrate. This is what leads to the production of nuclear energy. This can be harnessed to be channelled into constructive activities. It can also be used for making explosives that may then lead to disasters. The process of harnessing this energy is a tricky one and must be done with great care to avoid disasters (â€Å"Nuclear Energy†, n.d.). The disaster that happened at Chernobyl was one such accident. It was, however, not due to the inherent faults of nuclear energy but due to the inability of the people who were employed at the plant to oversee the production of the energy. The aspect of the disaster that needs to be noted while looking at the viability of nuclear fuel is the fact that it was avoidable. In the sense that the disaster was the result of negligence, the lives of many could have been saved (â€Å"Chernobyl Accident 1986†, 2012). This does not mean that nuclear fuel should be abandoned as a whole. This was what happened in Japan following the earthquake related disaster in 2011. The shutting down of nuclear power generators followed public protests and the very option of nuclear fuel for energy was abandoned (McKeating, 2012). Nuclear energy does have its own disadvantages. The waste that forms as a by-product during the production of nuclear energy is difficult to dispose of. Apart from this, carelessness on the part of the people who operate the reactors can lead to massive loss of life and property. The operation of reactors needs to be done with the utmost of care for the safety of the people who work at the reactor and the ones who live near it. The problem of the lack of fuel is also something that needs to be looked into while assessing nuclear fuel as a viable option (â€Å"Disadvantages of nuclear power†, 2010). The advantages, however, are many. The waste that is produced is very small since very small quantities are required for the

Australia Pre-Primary Education Industry Essay Example for Free

Australia Pre-Primary Education Industry Essay Rising Traction of Private Players to Foster Growth of Australia Pre-primary Education Industry: Ken Research The pre-primary education and childcare markets in Australia have showcased separate growth trajectory over the years. The pre-primary market in Australia is an emerging market characterized by the rising awareness about the quality early childhood education and care amongst parents. Although the public spending on the pre-primary education in Australia is amongst the lowest spending countries in the OECD, the government has taken substantial steps to promote the access and the importance of the pre-primary education amongst the masses. The regional pre-primary markets in each of the state or territory differ from another as the governing system is decentralized. Henceforth while the market-run kindergartens account for a dominant share in the states such as New South Wales, Victoria and Queens land, in states including Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory, a vast majority of preschools are government funded and run. Subsequently, the format of education and age-group of the children varies accordingly. The childcare market in Australia is a developed and matured market and is marked by a high degree of fragmentation. The childcare market caters to children aged up to twelve and has experienced a steady growth in the last six years, propelled by high demand prevailing in the market. In the last few years, childcare market has been increasingly recognized by the government as a means of increasing womens employability in the workforce. Henceforth, various provisions such as Child Care Rebates, Child Care Benefit have been provided, which has encouraged increasing enrollments in this sector. The market revenues of the childcare market have increased from USD 7,081. 6 million in FY’2008 at a CAGR of 5. 6% during FY’2008-FY’2012. The marketplace of pre-primary education and childcare industry in Australia has witnessed a growing number of market players after the fall of the market leader ABC Learning in FY’2008. A majority of the ABC centers was taken over by Goodstart Learning, a nonprofit organization, which accounted for ~% of the market share of the childcare market in FY’2012. Other major players include G8 education and KU children services. The market has showcased an increasing number of profit-making players over the years, owing to the growing attractiveness of the market. With the increasing number of Long-day care centers providing preschool education, the pre-primary education market of Australia has been reflecting signs of growing integration with the childcare market. As the number of nuclear families and women workers has grown in the Australian economy, the dependency on child care has also consequently increased, leading to many preschools providing child care services as well. The report â€Å"Australia Pre-primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to FY’2017† provides detailed overview on the pre-primary education and childcare industry from various perspectives. The report encloses a comprehensive analysis of the various segments of the market reflecting the present scenario and future growth affected by changing industry dynamics in coming years. Additionally, the report also entails information about the public and private sector initiatives, rational analysis of the macroeconomic factors, along with the profiles of the major market players of the pre-primary education and childcare industry. The report will help industry consultants, companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For more information on the industry research report please refer to the below mentioned link: http://www. kenresearch. com/education/pre-school-education/australia-pre-primary-educationresearch-report/398-99. html The report titled â€Å"Australia Pre-Primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to FY’2017Increasing Influx of Private Players to Foster Industry Revenues† provides a detailed analysis of the preprimary education and childcare industry covering various aspects including market size of pre-primary education and childcare markets in terms of revenues, enrollments, establishments and number of teachers, and market segmentation on the basis of gender and region-wise enrollments and type of funding institutions along with ongoing trends in the industry. The report also includes competitive landscape and profiles of the major players operating in the industry. The future projections are included to provide an insight on the prospects in the Australia childcare market. The pre-primary and childcare industry of Australia is a diverse market which has undergone significant changes over the years. The pre-primary education and childcare markets in Australia are distinguished by the age-group of the target population and the mode of education. The childcare market of Australia is a matured market serving to children aged up to twelve. The type of services provided in the Australian market is quite diverse catering to the various needs and requirement of the families. The revenues of the child care market have grown strongly over the years, with supply largely keeping in pace with demand. Over the past years, child care in Australia has evolved from a form of early learning and education to a key mechanism to support labor force participation. The market for the childcare is competed by private businesses, communities and government run centres. The pre-primary education market of Australia is an emerging market marked by low penetration of the services. The enrollment rates for the children aged 3 and above are still very low. The formats and settings for preschool education in Australia vary from one state or territory to another with departments of education responsible for governing the preschool sector each state. Consequently, the market setting of pre-primary education sector is assorted, with Queensland being one of states which has mandated the admission in the pre-primary education for young kids. Preschool programs in Australia are run by both government and non-government services, including community preschools and child care providers. The competitive landscape of the Australia pre-primary and childcare industry is quite fragmented which has witnessed increasing market entries over the years after the fall of ABC Learning in FY’2008, the market leader the industry. Presently, the childcare market of the industry features a number of players which operate on non-profit basis. However, the increasing influx of the profit-making players has been driving the revenues of the market in recent years. Goodstart Learning, G8 education and KU children services constitute some of the major players of the industry. The pre-primary education and childcare industry in Australia has been witnessing growing integration of the pre-primary and childcare markets with the increasing number of Long day care centers with preschool programs in the country. Preschools with childcare facilities are increasingly becoming a common phenomenon, with increasing trend of customized services being offered by the providers. Computer-based education has also entered into the preschool segment, reflecting the increasing quality of the education imparted.

Theories of Ethics and Morals

Theories of Ethics and Morals ESSAY Are Morals and Ethics different? Moral are the worries identified with the principles of good and awful direct or got from the set of accepted rules that is right or agreeable in a particular culture while Ethics are moral decides that speak to a mans lead or the main of an activity or the ethical rightness of a showed direct. Moreover, morals frequently suggest a segment of subjective slant, while ethics tend to clarify methods for comprehensive sensibility and the theme paying little heed to whether an action is trustworthy. (Merriam Webster, 2017) Maybe you dont fancy Kim Kardashian, or her family, or her morals dont adjust to yours, or you simply believe its awkward that she had some plastic surgery, likes to do make up in an absolute expert manner. (Boboltz, 2016) When taking somewhat profound burrow on the contrasts amongst ethics and morals you may find that ethics and morals show up the same on the root of it, however if one was to separate, there is obviously some refinement. That says if a person wants to have some meat for dinner it is absolutely ethical for him as there is no law that says you cant eat meat but if the person starts to think the other way around then he might think that killing an animal is not an acceptable thing to do. This recommends ethics describe the code that an overall population or get-together of people hold quick to while morals quality plunges into great and terrible at an impressively more significant level, which is both individual and supernatural. The ethics that a man takes after too are influenced upon by outside factors like the nation, society, peers, religion, and could vary with a conformity in any of these affecting components. (Kumar, 2017) For example, killing a fox was not against law and it was totally ethical to slaughter one as it was a tradition there but then they passed the law due to heavy protests saying that you cant slaughter any animal just for the sake of the sport. Hence it became unethical to do so. But taking Morals into considerations, they do not change so easily or quickly. They are made of solid stuff, and customarily dont differ. It will for instance reliably be shameless to execute another individual, paying little heed to who the individual is. (Kumar, 2017) Ethics are all around portrayed and appropriately set down. Take the occasion of specialists like therapeutic experts and legitimate counsellors. They understand what the morals of their calling direct. An authority will never uncover his patients restorative history to anyone unless affirmed by the patient. In like manner, a legitimate instructor will never exchange off his clients points of interest despite his own mentality towards his client. Yet, regardless, ethics are of a subliminal sort and settling on what develops them is quite muddled. (Kumar, 2017) Ethical decisions see the conditions inside which they are set. That is, they ought to see that commitments can be situated in a movement/special request (for example, to stop at a setback to render help trumps the assurance of meeting for coffee); equivalently, results can be situated too. While in moral choices the importance of others and their honest to goodness situation on the planet, is seen, assemble decisions rely on upon trade between every one of those on whom the decision impacts. That talk hopes to be far reaching, non-coercive, self-intelligent, and search for accord among honest to goodness people, rather than search for a dubious altogether great truth. (Kumar, 2017) UTILITARIANISM Utilitarianism is an institutionalizing ethical speculation that places the locus of good and awful only on the outcomes (results) of picking one approach over various courses of action. It moves past the degree of ones own focal points and considers the welfare of others. (Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy, 2017) There are two sorts of utilitarian ethics sharpened at work, rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism. Rule utilitarianism is set up to benefit by far most by using the most alluring systems possible whereas the Act utilitarianism selects the best option thats achievable and in good interest of all. An example of rule utilitarianism is the segment pricing. For instance, the automobile industry has different pricing system for the different models of one car of their brand that offers from a basic level accessories to an automatic standard. Customers who pay higher prices for more accessories for the same model of the car helps the company to lessen its financial burden and make more basic level models for the same car for other customers who cant afford the top models of the cars. An instance of act utilitarianism is a pharmaceutical association throwing out a product in the market that has been officially avowed with known side effects in light of the way that the drug can help a more prominent number of people than are chafed by the minor responses. Act utilitarianism consistently illustrates the end legitimizes the signifies mentality. The biggest limitation for putting utilitarianism into practice is the self-oriented behaviour of the people in the work force who try to achieve their personal goals first regardless of the other persons interest or welfare. (Future Of Working, 2017) COMMUNITARIANISM Communitarianism is a social rationale that, in many-sided quality to hypotheses that underline the centrality of the individual, underscores the noteworthiness of society in articulating the great. Communitarianism is routinely showed up contrastingly in connection to radicalism, a theory which holds that every individual should arrange the immense on his or her own. Communitarians examine the ways shared starts of the immense are encircled, transmitted, upheld, and actualized. Along these lines, their energy for gatherings (and great talked inside them), the bona fide transmission of characteristics and approve values -, for instance, the family, schools, and ponder affiliations (checking spots of adoration). (Etzioni, 2017) Under communitarianism, there can be no wiping out all government affect from business issues as the state is accountable for the welfare of its kinfolk whose money related lives must be thought about. Communitarianism, in any case, does not require any more government impedance than what is totally vital. It leaves the way open for private movement yet is set up to furnish to its with some opportune help when private action crashes and burns. It secures and additionally earnestly progresses all endeavours grasped for the advantage of everybody. It purposely respects the benefits of the individual and of the family, does not endeavour to usurp their commitments, additionally, helps them by offering openings. It also does not stop itself from correcting abuse, by institution if basic, when it gets the opportunity to be particularly obvious that private effects cant adjust to them. (Arjoon, 2005) RAWLS JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS THEORY Justice as fairness is Rawls speculation of value for a free society. As a person from the gathering of free political starting points of equity it gives a structure to the true-blue usage of political power. Be that as it may, credibility is quite recently the insignificant standard of good sufficiency; a political demand can be honest to goodness without being basic. Justice sets the maximal standard: the course of action of social foundations that is ethically best. Rawls fabricates justice as fairness around understandings of the considerations that nationals are free and ascend to and that society should be sensible. He views it as settling the strains between the musings of adaptability and correspondence, which have been highlighted both by the comrade examine of liberal lions share rules framework and by the direct explore of the present-day welfare situation. Rawls holds that justice as fairness is the most populist, and furthermore the most conceivable, translation of these basic ideas of radicalism. He likewise contends that equity as reasonableness gives a better comprehension of equity than that of the predominant convention in present day thinking of utilitarianism. (Rawls, 2017) Justice as fairness expects to portray an only course of action of the bureaucratic and social establishments of a free society: the bureaucratic composition, the legitimate framework, the economy, the family, etc. Rawls calls the game plan of these organizations a general publics essential structure. The key structure is the territory of equity in light of the way that these establishments proper the essential preferences and weights of social life: who will get social affirmation, who will have which essential rights, who will have chances to get what sort of work, what the dissemination of pay and riches will be, etc. (Rawls, 2017) The sort of an overall populations central structure will adequately influence the lives of inhabitants. The essential structure will affect their life forecasts, and in addition more significantly their destinations, their perspectives, their associations, and their attributes. Foundations that will have such unavoidable effect on the lives of people require side interest. Since relinquishing ones overall population is not a down to earth decision for a large number individuals, the legitimization cant be that inhabitants have consented to a fundamental composition by continue to stay in the nation. Furthermore, since the principles of any key composition will be actualized, consistently with brutal punishments, the demand to legitimize the weight of a specified course of action of guidelines raises. In laying out the justice as fairness theory, Rawls acknowledge that the free society being alluded to is separate by sensible diversity as depicted earlier, and besides that it is unde r sensibly great arrangements that there are adequate possessions for it to be attainable for everyones major ought to be met. Rawls creates the revamping supposition that the overall population is autonomous and closed, with the objective that subjects enter it when they are born and leave it when they die. He furthermore constrains his thought for the most part to flawless theory, regardless of the questions of criminal justice.(Rawls, 2017) References (2017, Mar 3). Retrieved from Oxford Dictionaries: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ethics Arjoon, S. (2005). A Communitarian Model of Business:. Journal of Markets Morality, 478. Boboltz, S. (2016, October 12). The Huffington Post. Etzioni, A. (2017, March 5). Communitarianism. Retrieved from https://icps.gwu.edu/sites/icps.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Communitarianism.Etzioni.pdf Future Of Working. (2017, March 4). Retrieved from http://futureofworking.com/workplace-example-of-utilitarianism-ethics/ Kumar, M. (2017, Mar 3). Difference Between.net. Retrieved from Difference Between.net: http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-ethics-and-morals/ Manuel Velasquez, C. A. (2017, Mar 3). Santa Clara University. Retrieved from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/what-is-ethics/ Merriam Webster. (2017, Mar 3). Retrieved from Merriam Webster: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/moral Mura, C. (2016, October 18). Indiana Daily Student. Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy. (2017, March 5). Retrieved from http://caae.phil.cmu.edu/cavalier/80130/part2/sect9.html Rawls, J. (2017, March 05). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rawls/ SCHOOL, I. B. (2017). Resource Book. The Conversation. (2017, Mar 3). Retrieved from http://theconversation.com/you-say-morals-i-say-ethics-whats-the-difference-30913

Fireworks Essay example -- Chemistry Fireworks Essays

Fireworks How do fireworks produce their brilliant colors and loud bangs? To produce the noise and flashes, an oxidizer (an oxidizing agent) and a fuel (reducing agent) are used. The oxidizer oxidizes the fuel in a very exothermic reaction which produces a brilliant flash and a loud report from the rapidly expanding gases produced. For a color effect, an element with a colored emission spectrum is included. Electrons in atoms can be raised to higher-energy orbitals when the atoms absorb energy. The excited atoms can then release this excess energy by emitting light of specific wavelengths, often in the visible region. In fireworks, the energy to excite the electrons comes from the reaction between the oxidizer and fuel. Fireworks are usually made out of the following items; an oxidizing agent, a fuel (reducing agent), a coloring agent, binders and regulators. These mixed together are what make up the basic fireworks: Oxidizers The first thing in a firework is the oxidizing agent. These produce the Oxygen to burn the mixture. Oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates. The common oxidizers are nitrates. These are made up of a metal ion and the nitrate ion. I'll use potassium nitrate as an example. Nitrates only give up 1/3 of their oxygen. The resulting equation would look something like this: 2KNO3 ---> 2KNO2 + O2 The next Oxidizers are chlorates are also made up of a metal ion and then the chlorate ion...

My Philosophy of Education :: Educational Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of Education â€Å"In modern times there are opposing views about the practice of education. There is no general agreement about what the young should learn either in relation to virtue or in relation to the best life; nor is it clear whether their education ought to be directed more towards the intellect than towards the character of the soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although Aristotle wrote that passage more than 2,300 years ago; this is still the argument today. Philosophers, teachers, and educators alike, can create as many methods of teaching as they want. It will always come down to the fact of, which is more important or appropriate and is there a better one. There is never going to be that one perfect method of teaching. This is because each student learns differently. The varieties of methods available are there to suit each individual child. There are those students who need more hands on attention, those who do better with independent study, and those who learn things so quickly and thoroughly they’ll only need to hear a theory once and remember it for the rest of their lives. With all of this in mind, I wish we could stop arguing about which is the best theory or method and utilize them all. I think we should focus on what the children need. We should accept and embrace every method available and use them to the fullest capacity. By exposing a child to several methods of teaching, you could discover which method works best for what children. By accomplishing that discovery, you would then know how to help that child get the most out of his or her education. I am a firm believer that as long as an educator believes that every child has the potential to learn and do something great with his or her life, it’s possible. The greater expectations a teacher has the higher achievement they’ll see. There will always be obstacles and problems preventing children from reaching their potential. It’s an educator’s job to learn how to rise above that and demand excellence. For as long as I can remember it has been a passion of mine to influence people in a good way. Causing someone to smile, if even for just a second, has the ability to make my day ten times better.

Cybercrime Definition Essay

What is this Cyber crime? We read about it in newspapers very often. Let’s look at the dictionary definition of Cybercrime: â€Å"It is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money†. Mr. Pavan Duggal, who is the President of www.cyberlaws.net and consultant, in a report has clearly defined the various categories and types of cybercrimes. Cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories: 1. Cybercrimes against persons. 2. Cybercrimes against property. 3. Cybercrimes against government. Cybercrimes against persons: Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled. A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyberchat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gangrape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus first appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe. It is estimated that the virus caused 80 million dollars in damages to computers worldwide. In the United States alone, the virus made its way through 1.2 million computers in one-fifth of the country’s largest businesses. David Smith pleaded guilty on Dec. 9, 1999 to state and federal charges associated with his creation of the Melissa virus. There are numerous examples of such computer viruses few of them being â€Å"Melissa† and â€Å"love bug†. Cyberharassment is a distinct Cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment can and do occur in cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other.

Operations Management – Chapter 12

1. MRP works best if the inventory items have dependent demand.TrueFalseTRUE MRP is best for dependent demand scenarios. 2. Low level coding represents items less than $18 per unit.TrueFalseFALSE Low-level coding codes items at their lowest BOM levels. 3. Independent demand tends to be more ‘lumpy' than dependent demand meaning that we need large quantities followed by periods of no demand.TrueFalseFALSE Dependent demand is more lumpy. 4. Lumpy demand for components results primarily from the periodic scheduling of batch production.TrueFalseTRUE Batch production leads to lumpy demand for components. 5. MRP is used within most MRP II and ERP systems.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II and ERP systems incorporate MRP. 6. The master production schedule states which end items are to be produced, in addition to when and how many.TrueFalseTRUE These are critical inputs into MRP. 7. Net requirements equal gross requirements minus safety stock.TrueFalseFALSE If safety stock is required, net requirements will be higher. 8. The master schedule needs to be for a period long enough to cover the stacked or cumulative lead time necessary to produce the end items.TrueFalseTRUE This ensures that materials plans can be adequately formulated. 9. Initially, a master production schedule – the output from MRP – may not represent a feasible schedule.TrueFalseTRUE Management must make more detailed capacity requirements planning to determine whether these more specific capacity requirements can be met and some adjustments in the master production schedule may be required. 10. MRP, considering inventory position, bills of material, open purchase orders and lead times guarantees a feasible production plan if the inputs to MRP are accurate.TrueFalseFALSE MRP may lead to an infeasible production plan if capacity requirements are not considered. 11. The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce the quantities on a given master production schedule.TrueFalseFALSE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 12. A bill of materials contains a listing of all the assemblies, parts, and materials needed to produce one unit of an end item.TrueFalseTRUE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 13. The bill of materials contains information on lead times and current inventory position on every component required to produce the end item.TrueFalseFALSE Inventory records contain this information. 14. The inventory records contain information on the status of each item by time period.TrueFalseTRUE Inventory records also contain information on lead times and current inventory position. 15. An assembly-time chart indicates gross and net requirements taking into account the current available inventory.TrueFalseFALSE Assembly-time charts have to do with capacity, not inventory. 16. MRP II did not replace or improve the basic MRP.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II incorporates basic MRP. 17. The gross requirements at one level of an MRP plan determine the gross requirements at the next lower level continuing on down to the lowest levels shown on the bill of material.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities at one level determine gross requirements at the next lower level. 18.   The gross requirements value for any given component is equal to the net requirements of that component's immediate parent multiplied by the quantity per parent.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities for the parent lead to gross requirements of the child. 19. The term pegging refers to identifying the parent items that have generated a given set of material requirements for a part or subassembly.TrueFalseTRUE Pegging ties items to their parents. 20.   A net-change MRP system is one that is updated periodically but not less frequently than once a week.TrueFalseFALSE A net-change system is updated as transactions occur. 21. One reason that accurate bills of material are important is that errors at one level become magnified at lower levels because of the multiplication process used by MRP.TrueFalseTRUE Small higher-level errors can be magnified into larger lower-level errors. 22.   A regenerative MRP system is one that is updated continuously – every time there is a schedule change.TrueFalseFALSE Regenerative systems are updated periodically. 23. One of the primary output reports of MRP concerns changes to planned orders.TrueFalseTRUE Changes to planned orders can be outputs from MRP systems. 24.   Safety time is sometimes used in MRP rather than safety stock quantities.TrueFalseTRUE Safety time is a substitute for safety stock. 25.   Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP provides coverage for some predetermined number of periods using forecasted demand to extend beyond the orders already received for those periods.TrueFalseFALSE This is fixed-period ordering. 26.   MRP output reports are divided into two main groups – daily and weekly.TrueFalseFALSE The two groups are primary and secondary. 27. In MRP, EOQ models tend to be less useful for materials at the lowest levels than for upper level assemblies of the bill of materials since higher-level assemblies have larger dollar investments.TrueFalseFALSE EOQ is more useful at lower levels since lower-level items often have less lumpy demand. 28.   Load reports show capacity requirements for departments or work centers which may be more or less than the capacity available in that work center.TrueFalseTRUE Load reports facilitate the formulation of feasible production schedules. 29. ERP began in manufacturing organizations but has spread into service organizations.TrueFalseTRUE Over time ERP has spread into a wide variety of organizations. 30.   MRP II is simply an improved version of MRP that processes faster and can plan for a larger number of end items.TrueFalseFALSE MRP II takes into account capacity requirements. 31. Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP eliminates the holding costs for parts that are carried over to other periods.TrueFalseTRUE Lot-for-lot ordering minimizes holding costs. 32. Capacity requirements planning (CRP) is an important feature in MRP+.TrueFalseFALSE CRP is a feature of MRP II. 33. Project Management approaches can help in a conversion to an ERP system.TrueFalseTRUE ERP conversions can be complex projects. 34.   As long as a forecast is plus or minus 10%, MRP works well.TrueFalseFALSE MRP needs accurate forecasts. 35. ERP represents an expanded effort to integrate standardized record-keeping that shares information among different areas of an organization.TrueFalseTRUE ERP is intended to facilitate consistent decision-making across the organization. 36. Back flushing takes place after the production has been completed.TrueFalseTRUE Records are updated based on end-item production. 37. Before a schedule receipt can take place, and order must be placed with a vendor.TrueFalseTRUE A scheduled receipt is an order that has already been placed. 38. MRP really doesn't apply to services since raw material isn't required.TrueFalseFALSE MRP can be used in services. 39. ERP implementation requires support and a direct mandate from the CEO because it impacts so many different functional areas.TrueFalseTRUE ERP implementation is an organization-wide initiative. 40. ERP automates the tasks involved in performing a business process, such as order fulfillment and financial reporting.TrueFalseTRUE ERP extends beyond purchasing and materials management. 41. Which of the following most closely describes dependent demand?A. demand generated by suppliersB. estimates of demand using regression analysis of independent variablesC. erived demandD. demands placed on suppliers by their customersE. net material requirementsC 42. ERP implementation probably won't require:A. cross functional teamsB. just a few weeks to installC. intensive trainingD. high funding for both initial cost and maintenanceE. frequent upgrades after installationB 43. A computer-based information system designed to handle ordering and scheduling of dependent-demand inventories is:A. computer aided manufacturing (CAM)B. computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)C. economic order quantity (EOQ)D. material requirements planning (MRP)E. conomic run size (ERS)D 44. The development and application of MRP depended upon two developments: (1) the recognition of the difference between independent and dependent demand, and (2):A. computersB. development of the EOQ modelC. inventory control systemsD. blanket purchase ordersE. the internetA 45. The output of MRP is:A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. a schedule of requirements for all parts and end itemsD. inventory reorder pointsE. economic order quantities and reorder pointsC 46. Which one of the following is not an input in an MRP system?A. planned-order schedulesB. bill of materialsC. master production scheduleD. inventory recordsE. All are inputs.A 47. The MRP input stating which end items are to be produced, when they are needed, and what quantities are needed, is the:A. master scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartA 48. In an MRP master schedule, the planning horizon is often separated into a series of times periods called:A. peggingB. lead timesC. stacked lead timesD. time bucketsE. firm, fixed and frozenD 49. The MRP input listing the assemblies, subassemblies, parts, and raw aterials needed to produce one unit of finished product is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartB 50. A visual depiction of the subassemblies and components that are needed to produce and/or assemble a product is called a(n):A. assembly time chartB. product structure treeC. MRP IID. peggingE. Gantt chartB 51. The MRP input storing information on the status of each item by time period (e. g. , scheduled receipts, lead time, lot size) is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartC 52. Which one of the following most closely describes net material requirements?A. gross requirements – amount on-hand – scheduled receiptsB. gross requirements – planned receiptsC. gross requirements – order releases + amount on-handD. gross requirements – planned order releasesE. gross requirements – amount on-hand + planned order releasesA 53. In MRP, â€Å"scheduled receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"planned-order receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. net requirements†E. available to promise inventoryC 54. In MRP, under lot-for-lot ordering, â€Å"planned-order receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"scheduled receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. â€Å"gross requirements†E. available to promise inventoryB 55. Under lot-for-lot, order sizes for component parts are essentially determined directly from which one of the following?A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. economic order quantityD. gross requirements – net requirementsE. net requirements – amount on-handB 56. In MRP, the gross requirements of a given component part are calculated from:A. net requirements + amount on-hand.B. gross requirements of the immediate parent.C. planned orders of the end item.D. net requirements of end item.E. planned orders of the immediate parent.E 57. The identification of parent items is called:A. PaternityB. PeggingC. Requirement I. D.D. Relationship trackingE. Master SchedulingB 58. Periodic updating of an MRP system to account for all changes which have occurred within a given time interval is called:A. peggingB. planned order releaseC. et changeD. regenerativeE. exception reportD 59. An MRP system whose records are updated continuously is referred to as a(n):A. regenerative systemB. batch-type systemC. Plossl-Wright systemD. net-change systemE. gross-change systemD 60. Which is true of a net-change system?A. It is a batch-type system which is updated periodically.B. It is usually run at the beginning of each month.C. The basic production plan is modified to reflect changes as they occur.D. It is used to authorize the execution of planned orders.E. It indicates the amount and timing of future changes.C 61. Which one of the following most closely describes the MRP approach that is used for components or subassemblies to compensate for variations in lead time?A. peggingB. safety stockC. increased order sizesD. safety timeE. low-level codingD 62.   Which of the following lot sizing methods does not attempt to balance ordering (or setup) and holding costs?A. economic order quantityB. economic run sizeC. lot-for-lotD. part-periodE. all of the aboveC 63.   When MRP II systems include feedback, they are known as:A. MRPIIIB. Enterprise resource planningC. Circular MRPD. Feasible MRPE. Closed Loop MRPE 64. The multiplication process used by MRP to determine lower level requirements is called:A. time-phasingB. peggingC. nettingD. projectingE. explodingE 65.   _______ is choosing how many to order or make.A. Quantity determinationB. Package sizingC. Lot sizingD. GroupingE. AggregationC 66.   Which of the following is not usually necessary in order to have an effective MRP system?A. a computer and softwareB. an accurate bill of materialsC. lot-for-lot orderingD. an up-to-date master scheduleE. integrity of file dataC 67. The _________ of ERP makes it valuable as a strategic planning tool.A. Internet baseB. Rapid Batch capabilityC. Employee focusD. Real-time aspectE. Database structureD 68.   A recent effort to expand the scope of production resource planning by involving other functional areas in the planning process has been:A. material requirements planningB. capacity requirements planningC. manufacturing resources planningD. Just-In-Time planningE. multifunctional relationships planningC 69. Which statement concerning MRP II is false?A. It is basically a computerized system.B. It can handle complex planning and scheduling quickly.C. It involves other functional areas in the production planning process.D. It involves capacity planning.E. It produces a production plan which includes all resources required.E 70. Which of these items would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. Xbox batteriesB. toy trainsC. flowersD. chocolate chip cookiesE. wrist watchesA 71. Which of these products would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. refrigeratorsB. automobile enginesC. televisionsD. browniesE. automobilesB 72. Using the product tree shown, determine the following: SEE IMAGE (A) the quantity of component K that will be needed to assemble 80 units of P, assuming no on-hand inventory of any components exists. B) the quantity of component K needed to assemble 80 units of P, given on-hand inventory of 30 A's, 50 B's and 20 C's. A) [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x 2 As per P] + [2 Ks per B x 5 Bs per P] + [3 Ks per C x 3 Cs per P] = 31 Ks per P. For 80 Ps, a total of 2,480 Ks will be needed. B) With 30 As, 50 Bs and 20 Cs on-hand, K requirements are: [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x (2 As per P – 30 As)] + [2 Ks per B x (5 Bs per P – 50 Bs)] + [3 Ks per C x (3 Cs per P – 20 Cs)]; for 80 Ps, a total of 2,140 Ks will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 73. The following is a list of components required to produce one unit of nd item P: P: 2 A's, 3 B's, 3 C's A: 5 M's, 2 R's B: 1 D, 3 N's. C: 1 T, 4 N's M: 1 N Determine the number of N's that will be needed to make 60 P's in each of these cases: (A) There are currently 10 P's on hand. (B) On-hand inventory consists of 15 P's, 10A's, 20 B's, 10 C's, 100 N's, 300 T's, and 200 M's. A) [1 N per M x 5 M per A x 2 A per P] + [3 N per B x 3 B per P] + [4 N per C x 3 C per P] = 31 N per P. For 60 P, N requirements are: [31 N per P x (60 P – 10 OH)] = 1,500 N. B) A total of 945 Ns will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 74. Given the following information, construct a product tree diagram and develop a material requirements plan that will lead to 400 units of product P being available at the start of week 7. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Feedback: Items C and D must be planned last. 75. Develop a material requirements plan for end item P and its components, given the tree below. Assume that all lead times are one week, and that lot-for-lot ordering is used except for item F, which is ordered in multiples of 400 units. One hundred units of P should be available at the start of week 4 and at the start of week 8. Beginning inventories are: 20 P, 100 A, and 200 F. Scheduled receipts are: 800 F at the start of week 1. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE All items have zero balances except F, which carries 240 units forward from period 5. Feedback: Item F must be planned last. 76. Given the following data, construct a material requirements plan which will result in 100 units of Parent #1 (P1) at the beginning of week 6, and 200 units of Parent #2 (P2) at the beginning of week 8: SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Item A has an on-hand balance of 70 units after week 7, Item B has an on-hand balance of 150 units after week 7, and Item C has an on-hand balance of 1,500 units after week 4. Feedback: C's gross requirements come from planned releases for A and B. 77. End item Alpha's product structure tree and inventory information are as follows: SEE IMAGE (A) If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, how many additional units of S will be needed? All parts can be ordered using lot-for-lot ordering, except M, which must be ordered in multiples of 40 units. [Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] (B) An order for 100 units of Alpha is scheduled to be shipped at the start of week 9. When is the earliest that any particular component must be started so that the order for Alpha will be ready to ship? Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] A) Gross requirements for S are 200 units, leading to net requirements for S of 100 units. B) Additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. Feedback: If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, then gross requirements for K will be 50 and gross requirements for M will be 100. Net requirements for K will be 20 and net requirements for M will be 70. K is ordered lot-for-lot, so its net requirements lead to gross requirements for S of 40 units. M is ordered in multiples of 40, so its order quantity of 80 units will lead to gross requirements for S of 160 units. The longest sum of lead times is 8 (Alpha's 2 weeks + H's 4 weeks + W's 2 weeks). This means that additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. 78. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and no on-hand inventory exists for any items, how many Cs will be needed?A. 8B. 16C. 136D. 204E. 272E 79. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 10 As, 15 Bs, 20 Cs, 12 Ms, and 5 Ns, how many Cs are needed?A. 48B. 144C. 192D. 212E. 272C 80. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE. If 40 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 15 Ps and 10 each of all other components and subassemblies, how many Cs are needed?A. 340B. 350C. 380D. 400E. 590B 81. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. What is the net requirement for Dark Chocolate Truffles to fill this order?A. 100B. 140C. 150D. 180E. 200C 82. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. When should an order for Carved Chocolate Eggs be released?A. t the start of week 2B. at the start of week 3C. at the start of week 4D. at the start of week 5E. at the start of week 6A 83. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. How many Dark Chocolate Eggs should be ordered?A. 310B. 450C. 500D. 550E. 600A 84. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. If the firm is using a fixed period lot size of two periods, what is the order size for the first order?A. 120B. 200C. 280D. 160E. 150B 85. Which of the following represents an attempt to balance the benefits of stability against the benefits of responding to new information?A. safety stockB. safety timeC. bills of materialD. time fencesE. fixed-period lot sizingD 86. Comparing known and expected capacity requirements with projected capacity availability is the job of _______.A. planned releasesB. load reportsC. lot sizingD. work loadingE. time fencingB 87.   ERP's primary value comes from applications ________.A. deploymentB. developmentC. interfacesD. integrationE. networkingD 88.  Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, two-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60 unitsB. 120 unitsC. 180 unitsD. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveE 89. Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, three-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60B. 100C. 160D. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveB